The applications of action learning are so universal that you cannot describe one single method.

行动学习的应用是如此普遍，以至于你无法描述一种单一的方法。

But the central idea

但中心思想

is that people who are in real trouble can help each other a chap called Leonard Cheshire,

真正有困难的人可以互相帮助，一个叫伦纳德·柴郡的家伙，

who was a wartime pilot and for whom the nation.

谁是战时飞行员，谁是国家。

Subscribed a lot of money,

认购了很多钱，

said in founding the Cheshire homes.

在创建柴郡家园时说。

The best way to deal with your own troubles is to go to somebody else's help

处理自己问题的最好方法是求助于他人

and action learning forms.

和行动学习形式。

Sets of comrades in adversity people who recognize that they have really difficult problems.

一群身处逆境的同志，他们认识到自己有真正困难的问题。

And action learning encourages these people to work together,

行动学习鼓励这些人一起工作，

On their own and mainly on their own,

他们自己，主要是自己，

but also on each other's problems.

但也要考虑对方的问题。

Meeting regularly to discuss what it is,

定期开会讨论是什么，

they think they are trying to do.

他们认为他们正在努力做到。

What is stopping them from doing it and what they can do about it

是什么阻止了他们这样做，他们可以做些什么

and providing

并提供

there are not experts there with prefabricated solutions which might have been perfectly

那里没有专家提供可能完美的预制解决方案

valid

有效的

in some other conditions,

在某些其他条件下，

altogether.

总共

Then these comrades in adversity

然后这些处于困境中的同志

since they all believe that what they need is real help will very soon help each other.

因为他们都相信他们需要的是真正的帮助，很快就会互相帮助。

So it's a set of comrades in adversity,

所以这是一群处于困境中的同志，

which is the foundation of action,

这是行动的基础，

learning.

学习

Yes,

对

of course,

当然

there can be no learning without the inspiration of somebody

没有人的启发就没有学习

who can who impresses you and from whom you are going to learn.

谁能给你留下深刻印象，你将向谁学习。

But the fundamental difference is this

但最根本的区别是

that in a changing world it is extremely important that people should be masters

在一个不断变化的世界里，人们成为主人是极其重要的

of the art of posing questions.

提出问题的艺术。

When nobody knows what's going to happen next,

当没有人知道接下来会发生什么时，

you must have the skill to ask questions which are likely to get you somewhere.

你必须有能力提出问题，这些问题可能会让你有所收获。

So all training,

所以所有的训练，

all development.

所有发展。

Contains two elements first,

首先包含两个元素，

getting new knowledge which already exists,

获得已经存在的新知识，

but you were not aware of something that you would get hold of in a.

但是你没有意识到你会在a中得到一些东西。

New lecture by a new adviser by reading a new book by going to a new program of course,

新顾问的新讲座，通过阅读一本新书，当然是参加一个新的课程，

you must acquire fresh what I call program information P.

你必须获得我所说的程序信息P。

But the need of us all to-day is not so much to get more expert knowledge.

但我们今天需要的并不是更多的专业知识。

It is to get a very much more penetrating ability

这是为了获得更具穿透力的能力

to ask questions of the unknown in which we are all now plunged.

提出我们现在都陷入困境的未知问题。

And the fundamental difference is that the learning in action learning is a small amount

最根本的区别是，行动学习中的学习量很小

of P program knowledge and a large amount of Q the ability to ask penetrating questions,

P课程知识和大量Q问题的提出能力，

So it's it's the difference of the balance between

所以，这是两者之间平衡的差异

what you are being instructed to do by experts

专家指示你做什么

and what you are finding out you need to do for yourself,

以及你发现自己需要做什么